India’s military history is marked by several significant operations that showcase the bravery, strategy, and resilience of its armed forces. Understanding these operations not only helps appreciate the country’s defense legacy but also inspires aspiring officers and patriots alike. Here’s a quick look at some of the most notable military operations of India you must remember.
1. Operation Vijay (1961) — Liberation of Goa
Before 1961, Goa was a Portuguese colony in India. Operation Vijay was launched by the Indian Army to liberate Goa, Daman, and Diu from Portuguese rule. This swift military action resulted in the integration of these territories into India with minimal casualties.
2. Operation Meghdoot (1984) — Capture of Siachen Glacier
One of the highest-altitude military operations in the world, Operation Meghdoot was launched by India to take control of the strategically vital Siachen Glacier in Jammu and Kashmir. The Indian Army’s successful deployment secured the glacier against Pakistani claims, and troops continue to maintain a presence there despite harsh conditions.
3. Operation Blue Star (1984) — Storming the Golden Temple
Operation Blue Star was a controversial military action aimed at flushing out militants who had taken refuge in the Golden Temple complex in Amritsar. The operation was conducted by the Indian Army under the then government to restore law and order, though it led to significant political and social repercussions.
4. Operation Pawan (1987) — Indian Peacekeeping in Sri Lanka
In 1987, the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) was deployed to Sri Lanka under Operation Pawan to enforce peace between the Sri Lankan government and Tamil militants. Though challenging and complex, this operation marked India’s direct military intervention in regional peacekeeping.
5. Operation Cactus (1988) — Rescue in Maldives
The Indian Armed Forces airlifted troops rapidly to restore the legitimate government, showcasing India’s ability to project power in its neighborhood.
6. Operation Safed Sagar (1999) — Kargil War
This operation was crucial in supporting ground troops and ultimately reclaiming lost territory.
7. Operation Rahat (2013) — Humanitarian Rescue
Though not a combat operation, Operation Rahat deserves mention for its humanitarian impact. The Indian Armed Forces conducted massive rescue and relief operations during the Uttarakhand floods, saving thousands of lives and demonstrating the military’s crucial role in disaster management.
Why Knowing These Operations Matters
Each operation reflects different facets of India’s military capabilities — from combat skills and strategic planning to humanitarian efforts and regional diplomacy. For aspiring officers and students preparing for defence exams, studying these operations builds historical awareness and inspires leadership qualities.